Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (8th- 11th Research Paper

Baghdad as the capital of the Abbasid islamic world (eighth eleventh centries) - Research Paper Example Since the capital made exchanging conceivable because of various section focuses to and from various pieces of the Asian, European and African landmasses, the city thrived and flourished, in this way, making it workable for the caliphate to set up focuses of learning, for example, schools and libraries (Majeed 1486). This made the Abbasid Empire ready to make various headways, for example, in horticulture, engineering, writing and other information interests, which they can disperse to all the pieces of the domain, and even the world by means of the European logical upheaval. A large number of the advancements that the Muslim researchers had the option to make were profoundly huge in light of the data being material to numerous parts of science, writing and financial aspects. The receptiveness of the Muslim researchers during the Abbasid Empire made it feasible for them to not just acknowledge new data from different societies, for example, Greeks and Romans, yet in addition to make a few upgrades in them also (Maziak 1416). Additionally, the effect of the information unrest impelled by the Abbasid caliphate is profoundly critical in such a case that the Muslim Empire couldn't grow its regions, conceivable exchange of data from the Middle East to the European landmass by means of Islamic Spain might not have been conceivable, and the logical transformation around the seventeenth century would not have occurred. The Importance of Establishing Baghdad as the Capital While the vast majority of the structures worked during the Abbasid domain were devastated during the intrusion of the Mongols, numerous stories remained that had the option to set up how it was to live in Baghdad during its tallness of greatness (Micheau 224). The wonder of the city as recorded by numerous previous history specialists was made notable for exchange as well as for learning and information. The early caliphs demonstrated that it was conceivable to make Baghdad a well known city once the y had the option to appropriately start its development. After the ascent of the Abbasid administration around 750 A.C.E., Muslim force moved from Syria to Iraq, and the caliphs moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. Al-Mansur, perhaps the most punctual caliph built up Baghdad as the empire’s capital, and had it encircled by a roundabout divider (Robinson 255). This made the Sasanian convention perfectly healthy, and was appropriately dispersed in the greater part of the close by parts of the domain. It was likewise significant that it was along the built up exchange courses, causing the spot to create extra income for structures (Syed 2). Another is that Baghdad is close to huge streams, for example, the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers, which are basic in supporting development and advancement of the spot (Micheau 222). Due to the closeness to significant exchange courses and huge waterways, the foundation of human settlement in Baghdad was conceivable, and more individ uals came in for work. To suit them, it was concluded that the walled city must be done as quickly as time permits, and so as to do as such, various specialists, modelers and gifted skilled workers were recruited from various locales. This didn't simply change the city yet in addition began its digestion of information from various societies, since the greater part of the laborers were employed from tremendous spots (Denoix 131). The urbanization was fruitful that it was conceivable to set up numerous spots where further quest for information should be possible, not simply

Line by Line Analysis of The Road Not Taken Essay Example For Students

Line by Line Analysis of The Road Not Taken Essay Two streets wandered in a yellow wood, The watchword here is two. For the duration of our lives we continually face choices where we have two options. In any event, when it appears there is just a single decision, we can conclude either to DO it, or NOT do it; so there are STILL two other options. What's more, sorry I was unable to travel bothAnd be one voyager, long I stood At that point there are times we wish we could do BOTH; HAVE our cake and eat it as well! We realize we cant, so we should struggle with the decisions; gauge the potential outcomes. Also, looked down one to the extent I couldTo where it twisted in the undergrowth; At that point took the other, similarly as fair,And having maybe the better claim,Because it was verdant and needed wear;Though with respect to that the passing thereHad worn them extremely about the equivalent, Choices, choices! Along these lines, what we do is thought of some avocation for the decision we have made, despite the fact that we are as of now scrutinizing our choice, even as we make it. When the decisions are so near being equivalent, does it truly have any effect? Is the way that less individuals have done it THIS path going to give us any edge over the opposition? Or on the other hand have we recently evened the odds? What's more, both that morning similarly layIn leaves no progression had trodden dark. Is it terrifying to us that couple of individuals have taken EITHER way? What questions prowl past the following curve? Goodness, I saved the first for another day!Yet realizing how path leads on to way,I questioned on the off chance that I should ever returned. All things considered, if this one doesnt turn out to be, Ill attempt the other one; or possibly Ill attempt it one day in any case, just to check whether it is better. Or on the other hand perhaps not. Have you at any point known about a round tuit? Sick do it when I get around to it. Now and then you KNOW, you simply KNOW that you never will! Round tuits arrive in a move, similar to a portion of bread. You cut them off as you go, and in the long run you go to the impact point of the portion. Truly, there is an end tuit! We DO use up all available time. I will be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two streets separated in a wood and I At some point down the line we may think back and consider this. We may never know whether the other decision would have been something more, or on the off chance that it would even have been any extraordinary whatsoever. Odds are, well find that it truly hasnt been so awful all things considered. (This is the place I would moan. ). Id wonder, in the event that I had everything to do over once more, wouldnt I do it the very same way. Or then again on the off chance that I had gone the other way, wouldnt I be staying here asking myself how THIS way would have turned out, had I gone THIS way? Whatever the outcome, it was that little impulse, that little distinction in detail, that unexpected instinct that persuaded us to pick the way that we did. We KNOW it had any kind of effect, however for this situation our 20/20 knowing the past doesnt check out corners, so we will never recognize what that distinction was! I took the one less voyaged by,And that has had a significant effect. Maybe the thing that matters is as far as we could tell, our own gifts, our own capacities. Maybe these things would bloom and develop regardless of WHAT we decided to do. Maybe we botched a brilliant chance eventually in light of something we DIDNT do. Or then again perhaps, quite possibly, things turned out just as they did BECAUSE of that choice we made, not regardless of it! Perhaps we did great! (another murmur) .

Guest Blog From the Life and Times of Cam

Guest Blog From the Life and Times of Cam Tonights blog entry is brought to you by Cam, a resident of CAMbridge, the owner of a CAMera, and an early action acceptee to the MIT Class of 2013. A few months ago, Cam asked me if he could do a guest blog, to which I responded with some hesitation (to be exact, a few months of hesitation). However, it turned out that Cams story had more to do with MIT than basically everything Ive ever posted on this page, so I begrudgingly agreed to usher his blog entry into the multicolored web portal of MIT admissions. Also, on a personal note, Ive unwittingly entrenched myself in a mudslide of classwork and undergrad research this January, so blog entries from myself will sparsely surface to the light of your computer screen in the coming weeks. For the record, its virtually unheard of for MIT prefrosh to write guest blogs before CPW. Cams situation is somewhat unusual, however, so Ill let him explain the rest. - Guest Blog, by Cam (Note added December 31st, 2008:) Hi, internet. This is my story. Not the story of my life, but part of the story of the intersection of my life and MIT â€" which is surprisingly large for a high school senior. I wrote it for personal reflection (I enjoy writing) and posted it on a personal blog, but also for the admissions blogs in the hopes that it could be helpful. When I found out that I got into MIT, among other things (including a visit to campus to celebrate with some friends) I found myself immediately faced with the question of: Should I enroll? Im sure many other EA admits are facing the same question, and many RD applicants will be too. I hope that my story can be helpful to you. This is what MIT has meant to me over the last two years (well, 725 days). These are the kinds of opportunities MIT offers â€" and these only to a local high school student! This is the kind of place MIT is. There is naturally much more to MIT, but this is one small part and I hope that its a part youll enjoy reading about. That being said, MIT is obviously not for everyone, but if youre on the fence about it th en hopefully my experience will help you to make your decision (in favor of MIT). Also, Ive added some new pictures from last night to the end of this entry, so I hope youll enjoy those too. Onto the entry (originally authored November 15th, 2008): This has been a long time coming. One year, ten months, and ten days, at the time of this writing, I believe. (November 15th, 2008) See, that was when I first came to MIT. But to start this story, we have to step a bit farther back than that. This story begins with a young boy, a goofy grin that lives on till this day, and an Amiga 1000 (which likewise lives on, in similar good health.) (me) This story begins with a seven year old boy, a little bit older than the one in the picture, sitting on his dads lap learning to use lisp to generate silly sentences. This story begins with a fourth grade boy, realizing he can customize KDE. This story begins with a high school sophomore wondering why the lecture hall has ethernet jacks on the floor. See, for the first half of my life, I wanted to go to MIT. I didnt know why. Its how I was raised; before I knew what MIT was, I knew that I was supposed to get a scholarship, go there, and then make my family proud. I didnt even know what a scholarship really was I thought they were things that the smartest people in the world got and you could go to college for free, no room, board, meals, or tuition. When $5 was a big purchase for me, the idea of college for free sounded pretty cool. But that wasnt why I tried hard in school, because in all fairness, I didnt really try hard. I did well because I liked it, as much as I would often hate to admit it. And I wanted to go to MIT not through any connection with academics, but because I liked what I could do with the computers that pervaded our house. Computer science majors all go to MIT, right? Thats how it worked. From my silly sentences lisp program at age seven, to my sixth grade blackjack games and hello world programs in a double digit number of languages I never got farther than that in most of them , to my Mandelbrot set renders on TI calculators, I came to love computer science and computers. Programming was awesome; it gave me this power, not to control the world around me, but to simply direct it in ways beautiful and occasionally useful. This is what I felt for the first half of my life. I use the word half not for a sense of chronology but simply as an indicator of the most important turning point thus far in my life. Back then, I knew what I wanted, and the path was clear. I would get all As in school, continue learning programming not from classes or because I was forced to, but because it was fun and I liked to teach myself and Id go to college on a scholarship, study it, then go out into the world. Even though I stopped getting all As rather quickly my first A minus came in the eighth grade, and I was more disappointed with myself than my parents were with me that didnt occur to me that itd influence my views. School was still easy, I still liked programming, and I was obviously going to MIT because I liked computer science. Wait, what was MIT? My attempt at a very tourist-y picture but its a fun one to take anyway. Its funny the way the world comes full circle sometimes. Makes you wonder why it does. (I realize after writing this that only those of you who know me, and maybe not even most of you, will get how that applies.) When I was really young, I had a great friend named Max. I actually thought Max was from another town. We played Star Fox 64 together while eating smores in his living room, and he had a really cool gold-colored dumbbell in his room that I couldnt lift. His familys cars seats reminded me of waffles, for some reason. Max and I hadnt really seen each other since elementary school, though, even though I later found out he did live in the same town when we all then went to the same middle/high school. (Our town has three elementary schools). In fact, I dont think Id talked to him in a few years when somebody isnt in any of your classes, its easy to forget they exist. Little did I expect that a phone call from Max to my friend Costas would change my life. So my friend Costas calls me up on what I believe was a Friday night. My phones call log doesnt go back that far (ok, I dont even have the phone anymore, you caught me). Regardless, it was pretty short notice. Hey Cam, Max, Mike, and I have been going to this robotics thing at MIT for a few months now and theres a meeting tomorrow if you want to carpool with us. Gee, thanks for inviting me initially, its great to be more than an afterthought. Well, my Saturday morning wasnt an otherwise occupied block of time, so off I went. Little did I know I could never turn back. I definitely didnt know it that morning, but that my first introduction to MIT had opened my eyes. We sat in a lecture hall (3-302, I believe?) for a good five hours with students wed never seen before from other schools and watched astronauts bumble around in what I presume mustve been space. We had pizza. And then, we watched a man wearing too much denim talk to hear the sound of his own voice for a lil while. This guy with a cool name came on, talked some more about this whole robotics thing, and then we waited for Ed and Shane to get back from New Hampshire with our robot parts. If youre not familiar with it yet, that January 5th constituted my introduction to FIRST robotics. Every night for six weeks after that, we drove to the Alewife MBTA station or directly into Cambridge, depending on traffic, to sit in the basement of a Sloan building. (Sloan is MITs business / management / whatever that junks for school). Building E60. (Shane, Matt, and I in E60) I spent more hours in E60 than I spent doing homework those months. To begin getting to my point, I shall summarize a little. The three aforementioned friends and I worked on MITs Team 97 that 2007 FIRST season. I came in knowing how to write hello world in at least ten languages, and came out knowing not much more. I gained some experience, though I had very few contributions to the robot, but I learned how to use some tools and slowly caught on. I came out, though, with my eyes open opened to a world Id only seen in LEGOs, opened wide to something Id never even thought of before. Opened to engineering, opened to new friendships, and opened to MIT. A pictures worth a thousand words, so pretend I wrote a thousand words about what actually happened that season. (Im not in this one) After working on Team 97 that year, we left MIT. We wanted to bring FIRST to our school, so that other Wayland students could see what wed seen that rainy January morning and what wed slowly been taking in throughout the FIRST season. However, as is often the case when MITs grabbed hold of a human soul, MIT did not let go. Us four from Wayland stayed around, working that summer with a few other FIRST students to create the DIY Segway. I didnt build much of it, but when I stayed up till three in the morning on AIM, talking to Shane as we scribbled away on skrbl, I knew something. As Shane sketched out for me the sensors and balancing system and we wrote the code to balance the DIY Segway, I saw something Id never seen before. I saw code manifest in the physical world, a beautiful fusion. Sure, the result the next morning when I came in to test was not so beautiful. The segway lurched back and forth until a table was kind enough to stop it. But that didnt matter hours of frustratingly fun debugging later, we hopped on and wobbled in place. It worked. What I saw there removed all final doubt. I dont want to be a computer science major. That was my dads dream (hes a computer science major). He didnt ever force it on me, but I had taken it for myself with passion. Now, though, now that I had seen what real engineering was, I couldnt go back. I wont say my minds closed to other options, but at the moment I know that I am going to major in mechanical engineering. MIT, especially so through Shane (the then-undergraduate, now-graduate student whos worked with us on FIRST and all subsequent projects, and whos also a pretty cool dude), had pushed me away from the very thing which originally enamored me of MIT. The Segway put a temporary halt to MIT involvement for the rest of the Wayland four, as we buckled down to focus on nurturing FIRST in our hometown. I dont know what drew me back, but it didnt stop me. The most amazing thing is that MIT has never stopped blowing me away. That feeling I got when I watched the FIRST kickoff in 2007; the feeling I got when the segway lurched forwards and we tried to catch it; that feeling has never gone away. MIT continues to show me the world in an entirely different light. MIT has given me great opportunity. MIT has given me great friendships. MIT has even given me a great amount of money (yeah, you think I could afford to pay for that robot above with the money I made working at the town library? Not a chance). MITs given me a lot. This summer, I was hired by the Edgerton Center as a TA for a grades 9-12 robotics course, modeled after 2.007 / 270 / whatever you will (A competition course taken by mechanical engineering sophomores). This summer, I was finally able to start giving back. The coolest thing about a place like MIT is that my experience is not a unique one. Ive certainly been spoiled by MIT, but this summer I saw MIT bring to a new group of students what it brought to Max, Mike, Costas and I back in 2007. MIT continues to open the worlds eyes to engineering, and not just a few high school students at a time but thats not something I can easily show you. The point is, Ive come a long way, and I wouldnt be where I am without MIT. Wherever I end up going to college next fall be it MIT, Olin, or some other wonderful school I go now with a new sense of purpose and excitement, and for perhaps the first time in my life a true passion. Do I know what the rest of my life will look like? Of course not. However, I know that were it not for MIT, it would be and this is where my rhetoric fails me lame. To the younger readers (haha, readers? good one.), I offer this simply to show you what a wonderful place like MIT can do for you. To the older readers, who are mostly MIT readers, I offer this simply as inspirational, although its lacking in that department. To my friends who read this a subset which overlaps a bit with the last category I offer this simply as a story Ive wanted to tell and a feeling that Ive felt the need to express for a long time, and something that I did not express adequately here and thus will probably end up expressing again. My mom wanted me to thank my friends in my senior blurb, but I wanted to avoid all clichv ©s there because it would not have sounded quite like me. However, there is something Id like to say now. To MIT, thank you. More importantly, to my friends, especially the ones whove been with me through this, perhaps since that January day back in 2007, thank you. I still dont know nearly anything about the rest of my life, but Im starting to know a lot more about the last two years or so of it, and I couldnt be who I am were it not for all of you. Im running out of words, so Ill leave you simply with some gorgeous pictures of MIT. My recent hobby of film photography yields pictures such as this. Taken when I was staying over in EC (not an admissions visit, just visiting a friend) a while back. Oh, also, I fell in love with the Boston skyline long ago / have a (healthy) skyline picture fetish. This was taken after work one day this summer I tried to stich multiple exposures of this into an HDR image but failed. I do not have Yan Z.s apocalyptic-sunset-capturing abilities, but I like this nonetheless. This one deserves a blog post of its own, for the story behind it is, in short: Nothing to do on a Wednesday night? Call Shane, go out to dinner with some HS friends + MIT friends + an MIT instructor in Lexington, get free steaks and free-2-of-16 recently purchased cameras, then go take pictures in the rain. So maybe Ill write that up later. Edit: Pictures below added for MIT admissions blog because I like them even more than the ones in the original entry. Yay new camera! Addendum Jan. 2nd, 2009: So, to sum up a bit: MITs offered me what I think to be some pretty darn cool opportunities. It hasnt stopped there. We joined FIRST in 2007 and had the experience of a lifetime at the national competition in Atlanta. We built a sweet segway. We came back again to build an even sweeter go-kart (shameless attempt to drive more traffic to the site). The paper for that go-kart just got accepted to the EVER Monaco 2009 conference, which means MIT might be sending us to Monaco (and maybe northern France, too) this March and Im sure that for all of us from Wayland who got pulled in two years ago, this is only the beginning. MITs taken us some pretty amazing places both literally and figuratively. And I cant think of any other school where my story would have been even remotely possible. Can you? Hope to see you there next fall!

Essay about Week Three Assignment Hca 320 - 1284 Words

Health Care Communication Methods HCS/320 June 17, 2013 Lyubov Kiseleva Axia College of University of Phoenix Every day in the health care field, professional have to choose the most effective communication method when communicating to other professionals, patients, patient families, and the general public. Different circumstances have very specific methods of communication that need to be utilized for communication to be effective. Furthermore, in the health care field the regulations of HIPAA have to be considered to ensure that certain information is being protected as well as identity of people pertaining to the health scenarios. Further will be discussed the methods of communicating in the health care field, the advantages†¦show more content†¦For the specific scenarios described previously it would be best to use the campaign method. A campaign would be used to increase awareness, create a better understanding, modify attitude, and modify behavior (Health Industry Communication, Ch. 5). This method may be used when reaching out to a significant sized population. â€Å"Th e communication program will target whom, to help them understand, believe, or do what, by informing them of messages, through messengers and channels, to result in objectives† (Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., amp; Rios, F., 2010, Ch. 5). The objective of utilizing the campaign method would reach out the larger population through possibly multiple different media methods, instead of just one or two. When considering using different types of media and which ones to include and exclude when communicating through media, it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of traditional, electronic, and social media. Traditional communication methods are the most common methods of communicating. This includes newspaper, journals, magazines, television, radio, and etc. While this might be considered one of the most effective methods compared to electronic and social media, there are disadvantages as well as advantages of traditional communication. One advantages of using traditional communication methods is this can reach a larger population which would

Play Station And Video Games - 1710 Words

Executive Summary Play Station and video games are technologies used for entertainment across all age groups all around the world. The young children aged from 5 to 10 years old occupy the largest percentage of users. Today there is wide variety of games attributed to the advancement in technology. The report is a detailed documentation of the impact of gaming on children with references to recent scholarly articles. It also touches on other involved parties in the management of the media entertainment. Introduction The platform of electronic gaming dates back to 1971 that was in the form of arcade video games (Wolf, 2012). In the 1980s, video arcades and console games were integrations in the learning process (Wolf, 2012). The target audience of the learning games was children aged between 5 and 10 years. The Learning Company is a pioneer in the history of games and learning with family-oriented software games emerging in the 1990s (Wolf, 2012). A recent development in digital learning focuses on providing children with tools for repairing, constructing and authoring contrary to the traditional games. SimCity is an example of the rear mentioned game. A large population of parents deal with video games in a manner one would deal with low nutritious foods, believing that exposing their children to the games in decreased periods is acceptable. An opposition to the school of thought is Andy Baio who has let his son Eliot play through a history of video games in a chronologicalShow MoreRelatedVideo Gameplay Of Video Games1617 Words   |  7 Pages Video Gaming has played a major factor for video gamers worldwide, this brings the expertise of video game developers to develop the next generation of video games. Video gamers(?) in Japan and the United States share the enjoyment in playing video games. What is the history behind video games? What are the prices of video games in Japanese? 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One of the popular movies that came out over the past few years, which is directed towards young teenage audiences, is the Hunger Games. It is about a post-apocalyptic world where a nation is divided into twelve districts. Two young representatives in each district are chosen at random to compete against each other to the death as entertainment while everyone else is forced to watchRead MoreSonys Playstation 4 is the Next Generation Video Game Console561 Words   |  3 PagesThe next generation of video game consoles is upon us, with Sony’s Play Station 4 leading the charge. Rather than the console being the center of the living room, Sony is making the player the focus. This helps transform a previously unsocial, solitary pass time into a community based personalized system. Sony’s PS3 came out about six years ago. Unfortunately, Microsoft had released the Xbox 360 prior to the release of the PS3. 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It is a long history full of ones rising to power and falling, betrayal, and exploring a whole new world that could only be reached in dreams. Ironically, the best way to describe gaming history is to say it was not a game. In 1972 Pong, one of the first successful video game, was released (â€Å"A Brief† para. 4)Read MoreViolence in Video Games770 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article from Thom Gillespie states that Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is the latest video game to be known of demeaning our society’s youth in the U.S. He states though however, video games such as GTA are â€Å"art† and deserve protection. Moreover, those games just mirror humanitys violent instincts; they do not provoke violence, Gillespie argues. These games also offer chances for debates about ethical issues and the costs of actions. It is known from his writings that Thom Gillespie is a professor

Public company of electronic media Free Essays

string(204) " Of Name FORM 1A Application signifier for handiness or alteration of name \[ Pursuant to segment 20 and 21of the Companies Act, 1956 \] Note – All Fieldss marked in\*are to be compulsorily filled\." Company Company may be defined as a voluntary association of individuals. It is an association of persons formed for some common intent but chiefly it is a voluntary association of individual. It has capital divisible into parts, known as portions. We will write a custom essay sample on Public company of electronic media or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same clip it is an unreal individual created by a procedure of jurisprudence. It has a ageless sequence and a common seal. It exists merely in contemplation of jurisprudence ; i.e.it is regarded by the jurisprudence as a individual, merely as a homo. On incorporation of a company becomes a organic structure corporate or corporation with a ageless sequence and a common seal. It besides acquires a personality distinct from its members. Features Of A Company 1. Separate legal entity 2. Limited liability 3. Ageless sequence 4. Common seal 5. Transferability of portions 6. Separate belongings 7. Capacity to action Electronic Media It is media that uses electronics or electromechanical energy for the terminal user ( audience ) to entree the content. This is in contrast to inactive media ( chiefly print media ) , which are most frequently created electronically, but do n’t necessitate electronics to be accessed by the terminal user in the printed signifier. Most new media are in the signifier of digital media. However, electronic media may be in either parallel or digital format. Although the term is normally associated with content recorded on a storage medium, recordings are non required for unrecorded broadcast medium and on-line networking. Any equipment used in the electronic communicating procedure ( e.g. telecasting, wireless, telephone, desktop computing machine, game console, hand-held device ) may besides be considered electronic media. Incorporation Of Company Before a company is formed, certain preliminary determinations are necessary, for illustration, whether it should be a private company or a public company, what its capital should be, and whether it is worthwhile organizing a new company or pickings over the concern of an already established concern. All these determinations are taken by certain individuals known as â€Å"promoters† . They do the full necessary preliminary work minor expense to the formation of the company. Public Ltd Company A Public Limited Company is a Company limited by portions in which there is no limitation on the maximal figure of stockholders, transportation of portions and credence of public sedimentations. The liability of each stockholder is limited to the extent of the unpaid sum of the portions face value and the premium thereon in regard of the portions held by him. However, the liability of a Director / Manager of such a Company can at times be unlimited. The minimal figure of stockholders is 7. It has a minimal paid-up capital of Rs 5 hundred thousand or such higher paid up capital, as may be prescribed. Every public company, bing on the beginning of the Companies ( Amendment ) Act, 2000, with a paid-up capital of less than Rs. 5, 00,000 shall, within a period of two old ages from such beginning, heighten its paid-up capital to Rs.5,00,000. Get downing A New Public Ltd Company Before stepping in the concern universe A ; get downing up a new concern i.e. a new public Ltd company, we must believe a name of the company which co-relate the work of the company and be easy grasped in the head of the people. As we are get downing a new public Ltd Company of electronic media i.e. Television A ; computing machine fabrication company and the name of the company to be registered will be Protechno media ltd company. Name-Approval For The Proposed Company The process for obtaining the name blessing for the proposed company is that an application in Form No. 1A demands to be filed with the Registrar of Companies ( ROC ) of the province in which the Registered Office of the proposed Company is to be situated. The application is required to be signed by one of the boosters. The inside informations of the application are as follows: 1. Four alternate names for the proposed company. ( The name can be coined names from the objects of the proposed company or the names of the managers, etc. but should decidedly be declarative of the chief object of the company. Justification for the name needs to be specified along with the application ) . 2. Name callings and references of the boosters ( Minimal 7 for a public company while 2 for private company ) . 3. Authorized Capital of the proposed company. 4. Main objects of the proposed company. Documents Required To Be Executed For Incorporation Following are the paperss require for acquiring the certification of incorporation or registering the company with registrar†¦ †¦ †¦ .. MOA and AOA are required which is to be executed by the boosters in the presence of a informant in saying their full name, male parent ‘s name, residential reference, business, figure of portions subscribed for, etc. 1. Form No. 1 – This is to be to be executed on a non-judicial stamp paper of INR 20 by managers of the proposed company or by other individuals such as Advocates saying that all the demands of the incorporation have been complied with. 2. Form No. 18 – This signifier contains information about the registered office of the proposed company. 3. Form No. 29 – This is a consent obtained from all the proposed managers of the proposed company to move as managers of the proposed company. ( Not required in instance of private company ) . 4. Form No. 32 – This signifier shows the fact of assignment of the proposed managers as the board of managers. 5. Name blessing missive in original. 6. Power of Attorney signed by all the endorsers of MOA authorising one of the endorsers or any other individual to move on their behalf for the intent of incorporation and accepting the certification of incorporation. 7. Power of Attorney in instance of a endorser who has appointed another individual to subscribe the MOA on his behalf. Filing fees as may be applicable. This Form Is Filled For Checking The Availability Of Name FORM 1A Application signifier for handiness or alteration of name [ Pursuant to segment 20 and 21of the Companies Act, 1956 ] Note – All Fieldss marked in*are to be compulsorily filled. 1. *Application for integrating a new company altering the name of an bing company Part A: Handiness of name 2 ( a ) . *Name of applicant Prankur Rastogi ( B ) *Occupation Businessman ( degree Celsius ) . *Address Line I Phagwara, Jalandhar Line II Punjab ( vitamin D ) . *City Jalandhar ( vitamin E ) . *State Punjab ( degree Fahrenheit ) . *Country India ( g ) . *Pin codification 144402 ( H ) . *e-mail prankurrastogi @ gmail.com ( I ) . Phone 9569231524 ( J ) . Fax 09534267447782 3. Name callings of boosters * ( I ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Prankur Rastogi * ( two ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pawan Rastogi * ( three ) Name of promoter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Rajesh Dubey 4. *Name of the province in which the proposed company is to be registered Punjab 5. *Name of the Registrar of Companies in which the proposed company is to be registered†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mr Y B Singh 6. *State whether the proposed company is public or private Public 7. * proposed name of company ( at least 6 proposed names ) a. Fanko electro ltd B. Rigs electro-media ltd c. Protechno Media Ltd Company d. Agnis electro ltd e. Jippo electro ltd f. Retro electro media After make fulling the application for handiness of name ROC will assign the name within three hebdomads of application submission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The ROC will look into for the handiness of name and inform the individual who has filled the application†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Name Protechno Media Ltd Company is available and is allotted. This is to be to be executed on a non-judicial stamp paper of INR 20 by managers of the proposed company or by other individuals such as Advocates saying that all the demands of the incorporation have been complied with. FORM NO. 1 Registration No Of Company -1090 Nominal Capital- : Rs. 2,00,00,000.00 THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Declaration of conformity with the demands of the Companies Act, 1956 on application for enrollment of a company [ Pursuant to subdivision 33 ( 2 ) ] Name of Company Protechno Media Limited/Private Limited Presented by Protechnicals group I Prankur Rastogi of Protechnicals Group do solemnly and unfeignedly declare that I am [ 1 ] Promoter who is engaged in the formation of the company, or a individual named in the articles as a director/manager/secretary of the†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Protechno Media Limited/Private Limited. And that all the demands of the Companies Act, 1956, and the regulations at that place under in regard of affairs precedent to the enrollment of the said company and incidental thereto have been complied with. And do this solemn declaration scrupulously believing the same to be true. This signifier contains information about the registered office of the proposed company. FORM NO. 18 Registration No. of the Company1090 Nominal Capital: Rs2,50,00,000 THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Notice of the situation/change of state of affairs of registered office [ Pursuant to segment 146 ] Name of the company – Protechno Media Ltd Company Notice is herewith given that — — 1. ( a ) the registered office of the company is situated in Jalandhar ( Punjab ) .with consequence from [ day of the month ] 20.11.09 ( B ) The state of affairs of the registered office of the company of was changed from to with consequence from [ day of the month ] 2. Situation of registered office falls under the legal power of Jalandhar ( name of the constabulary station ) . * Dated this thirtieth Day of Nov 2009 Signature Prankur Rastogi Name PRANKUR RASTOGI ( In Block Capitals ) Appellation Chairman *State reference of close constabulary station with territory and tehsil. This is a consent obtained from all the proposed managers of the proposed company to move as managers of the proposed company. FORM NO 29 Registration No. of Company..1090†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Nominal Capital Rs.2,50,00,000†¦ †¦ †¦ THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Consent to move as manager of a company and/or set abouting to take and pay for making portions [ Pursuant to subdivision 264 ( 2 ) /266 ( I ) ( a ) and 266 ( 1 ) ( B ) ( three ) ] Name of company Protechno Media Limited Presented by†¦ . Protechnicals Group†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . To the Registrar of Companies†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Jalandhar†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . I, the undersigned, herewith attest my consent to move as manager of the†¦ Protechno Media Limited†¦ Pursuant to subdivision 264 ( 2 ) /266 ( 1 ) ( a ) of the Companies Act, 1956 and attest that I have non been disqualified to move as a manager under subdivisions 267 and/or 274 of the Companies Act, 1956. I, the undersigned holding consented to move as manager of the.Protechno Media Limited, besides herewith undertake to take from the said company and wage for..5000†¦ .. portions of Rs.20†¦ †¦ Each, being the number/value of the portions prescribed as the making portions for the office of manager of the said company. Name and family name in full and male parent ‘s names Address Occupation Date of birth Nationality Signature 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prankur Rastogi s/o Pawan Rastogi businessman 04-04-88 Indian Prankur Rastogi Signature Dated the†¦ †¦ †¦ .20th of†¦ .Nov†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . 2009†¦ Prankur Rastogi†¦ Designation Chairman This signifier shows the fact of assignment of the proposed managers as the board of managers FORM NO. 32 Registration No. of Company.1090†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ . Nominal Capital Rs.25000000†¦ †¦ †¦ .. THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 Particulars of assignment of managers and director and alterations among them [ Pursuant to subdivision 303 ( 2 ) ] Name of Company†¦ †¦ . Protechno Media Ltd Company Presented by†¦ †¦ . Prankur Rastogi Note: — – If a company has no specifics to be included in one or two of the headers ‘A ‘ ‘B ‘ and ‘C ‘ the parts incorporating those headers ( in regard of which the company has no specifics to be included ) need non be filed. A. Appointment of and alterations among managers. Name or names and family name in full Father’s/ hubby ‘s name Usual residential reference Nationality Date of appointme National Trust or alteration Brief specifics of alterations 1 2 3 4 5 6 Notes: ( 1 ) A note of alterations should be made in column 6 e.g. by infixing against the name of new manager, etc. the words â€Å"in topographic point of†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ and by bespeaking against the name of the former manager, the cause for the alteration, e.g. by decease, surrender, retirement by rotary motion, disqualification etc. ( 2 ) In instance of pull offing manager, his appellation should be stated with his name in columan1. B. [ *** ] C. Appointment of and alterations in director ship and secretary ship. Name or names and family name in full Father’s/ hubby ‘s name Usual residential reference Nationality Date of appointme National Trust or alteration Brief specifics of alterations 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dated the†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ twenty-four hours of†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ ..19 Signature†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Appellation†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. Notes: ( 1 ) For the intents of this signifier, specifics of a individual appointed as director within the significance of subdivision 2 ( 24 ) of the Companies Act, 1956 demand be given. ( 2 ) A note of alteration as besides the cause of alteration e.g. , by decease, surrender, remotion, disqualification, etc. should be stated in column 6. Memorandum of Association ( MOA ) and the Articles of Association ( AOA ) Of A Company Now on reception of the name blessing missive from the ROC the MOA and the AOA are required to be drafted. The MOA states the chief, accessory / subordinate and other objects of the proposed company. The AOA contains the regulations and processs for the everyday behavior of the proposed company. It besides provinces the authorised portion capital of the proposed company and the names of its first / lasting managers. After that the MOA and AOA are required to be stamped and a cast responsibility based on the authorized portion capital is to be paid. Contentss Of Memorandum The name of the company. The province in which the registered office of the company is to be situated. Limited liability. Share capital. Object of the company A public company has the option of ask foring the populace for subscription to its portion capital. Consequently, the company has to publish a prospectus, which provides information about the company to possible investors. The Companies Act specifies the information to be contained in the prospectus. Articles of association- The articles of association or merely articles are the regulations, ordinances for the internal direction of the personal businesss of the company. They are framed with the object of transporting out the purposes and object as out in the memoranda of association. The articles are following in importance to the memoranda of association which contains the cardinal conditions upon which entirely a company is allowed to be incorporated. They are as such subsidiary to, and controlled by the memoranda. Contentss of articles- It contains commissariats associating to the undermentioned affairs. Share capital. Lien on portions. Calls on portions. Transportations of portions. Transmissions of portions. Conversions of portions in to stock. Shares warrants. Change of capital. General meetings. Directors and secretary. Dividends and militias. Capitalization of net incomes. The Articles of Association contain the regulations and ordinances of the company for the direction of its internal personal businesss. While the Memorandum specifies the aims and intents for which the Company has been formed, the Articles lay down the regulations and ordinances for accomplishing those aims and intents. The Certificate Of Incorporation After the paperss in FAQ 5 are filed, the ROC calls the lawyer on a specific day of the month for examination and doing the corrections in the MOA and AOA filed. On following with the same, the certification of incorporation is granted to the lawyer. When the requite papers are filed with the registrar, the registrar satisfy himself that the statutory demands sing enrollment have been punctually complied. After this a certification of incorporation given by the registrar in regard of a company is conclusive grounds that all the demands of the companies act have been compiled with in regard of enrollment. After the duly stamped Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, paperss and signifiers are filed and the filing fees are paid, the ROC scrutinizes the paperss and, if necessary, instructs the authorised individual to do necessary corrections. Thereafter, a Certificate of Incorporation is issued by the ROC, from which day of the month the company comes in to existence. It takes one to two hebdomads from the day of the month of registering Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association to have a Certificate of Incorporation. Although a private company can get down concern instantly after having the certification of incorporation, a public company can non make so until it obtains a Certificate of Commencement of Business from the ROC. Document To Be Filled With The Registrar: The documents/forms stated below are filed along with Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association on payment of filing fees ( depending on the authorised capital of the company ) : Declaration of conformity, punctually stamped Notice of the state of affairs of the registered office of the company Particulars of Directors, Manager or Secretary Authority executed on a non-judicial cast paper, in favor of one of the endorsers to the Memorandum of Association or any other individual authorising him to register the paperss and documents for enrollment and to do necessary corrections, if any The ROC ‘s missive ( in master ) bespeaking the handiness of the name. Before the advertisement company is registered, it is indispensable to determine from the registrar of companies and if the proposed name of the company is approved so the undermentioned paperss punctually stamped together with the necessary fees are to be filed with the registrar. The memoranda of association. The article of association. The understanding. Declaration. When a company is registered and a certification of incorporation is issued by the registrar the company becomes a distinguishable legal entity, its life commences from the day of the month mentioned in the certification of incorporation. And the company requires a ageless sequence. The member may come and travel, but it goes on forever, unless it is wound up. A public limited electronic media company has to be obtained certification to commence concern before it can get down concern. Tax Registration- Businesss apt for income revenue enhancement must obtain a revenue enhancement designation card and figure [ known as Permanent Account Number ( PAN ) ] from the Revenue Department. In add-on to this, concerns apt to keep back revenue enhancement must needfully obtain a Tax Deduction Account Number ( TAN ) . Both the PAN and the TAN must be indicated on all the returns, paperss and correspondence filed with the Revenue Department. The PAN is besides required to be stated in assorted other paperss such as the paperss refering to sale or purchase of any immoveable belongings ( transcending Rs. five hundred thousand ) , sale or purchase of a motor vehicle, clip sedimentation ( transcending Rs. 5 hundred thousand ) , contract for sale or purchase of securities ( transcending Rs. 10 hundred thousand ) , to call a few Filing Registering/Approving Authority One transcript has to be submitted along with a forwarding missive addressed to the concerned Registrar of Companies. Enclosures- The declaration must be submitted with the undermentioned annexure. Document attesting payment of fee. Memorandum and Articles of Association. Transcript of understanding if any, which the proposed company wishes to come in into with any person for assignment as its managing or whole-time manager or director Power of Attorney from endorsers. Letter from Registrar of Companies doing names available. No expostulation letters from directors/promoters. Needed fees must be either in hard currency or demand Company Get downing Business Operationss After having the certification of incorporation, the public company has to finish certain other legal formalities such as a statutory meeting ( within 6 months ) , statutory study, etc. On completion of the said formalities and on filing of the statutory study with the ROC the ROC issues the enfranchisement of beginning of concern to the company. Thereafter, the Public Company can get down the concern operations. The Private Company can get down its concern instantly on incorporation. Certificate of incorporation Form 1 No 55-009877 of 2009-10 I hear by certify that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Protechno Media Limited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is this twenty-four hours incorporated under The companies act 1956 ( NO 1 of 1956 ) and that the company is limited Given under my manus at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Jalandhar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦this twenty-four hours †¦ †¦ †¦ .day of 20†¦ . 09 SD/- Mr.Y.B.Singh Registrar of Companies Jalandhar, Punjab This was the certification issued by the registrar of companies for the incorporation of company Certificate of beginning of concern [ Pursuant to subdivision 149 ( 3 ) of companies act 1956 ] I hear by certify that the †¦ †¦ . Protechno Media ltd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . which was incorporated under The companies act of 1956†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.on the thirtieth twenty-four hours of November 2009 And which has punctually verified declaration in the prescribed signifier that the conditions have been compiled with is compiled to get down the concern Given under my manus at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Jalandhar†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7th†¦ .day of November 2009. SD/- Mr Sohan Singh Asst Registrar of Companies Jalandhar, Punjab Contracts My company i.e. Protechno media ltd, a fabrication company has contracted with two companies in which 1 is an advertisement company for the advertizement of the merchandises and secondly with a computing machine fabrication limited company. The first contract is with High Ad ltd Company owned by Sarpreet Kaur as one of the Board of Member. We have contracted for Rs 5, 00,000 for the advertizement of our company and our merchandises like TVs, LCDs and Computer french friess etc. The other contract is with Infojets ltd of Heramb Agrawal for Rs 10, 00, 000 as their company needs LCDs for their company from our company. All the indispensable elements for a contract and the footings A ; conditions are fulfilled and are lawfully enforced by jurisprudence. Weaving Up Of The Company If the members of the company are reduced below the minimal no. of members in the company, it is traveling to be wound up by the tribunal. It is a compulsory weaving up of a company. For this the Registrar presents a request for weaving up of the company. Now after that the tribunal will take any action against the company on hearing request as it can Dismiss it, with or without cost. Adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally Make an interim order that it thinks tantrum Make an order for weaving up the company Consequences of weaving up by the tribunal O Intimation to official Liquidator and Registrar O Copy of weaving up order to be filed with the registrar O Suits stayed O Court addition legal power to entertain 1. Any suit against the company 2. Any claim made by or against the company 3. Any application made under sec.391 for via media with creditors and/or members 4. Any inquiry of precedences which may originate in class of the weaving up of the company Mentions Mercantile Law -by N D Kapoor hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sethassociates.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesbase.com/patents-articles/company-incorporation-the- procedure-for-incorporating-a-company-in-india-1390673.html How to cite Public company of electronic media, Essay examples

The false moon Essay Example

The false moon Paper The False Moon Any child needs stability and love from their parents while growing up. If this Is not the case the child will go out and find safe places elsewhere. The main character In the short story The False Moon, by Shirley Golden from 201 1 Is not met with stability and love. He Is almost forced out on his own trying to fit Into society. The main character is the first person narrator in the story. His name is Matt and describes himself in a rather bad way; People dont run from me; Im lanky and skinny Im told (lines 14-15, page 1). Matt tells the story of his teenage life. How his mother works all the time and is never there for him, and how he has trouble in school. The subjects are too difficult, and he doesnt like any of his classmates. When he gets the chance Matt always skips school and goes on adventures in town. He doesnt communicate with his mother or his teachers. When he is told to give his mother letters from school; he Just hides them away Instead. Because of the mothers behavior this Is not so difficult. She Is not Involved In her sons life. The mother Is described as a loud and messy woman. She comes home late, has bleached hair and bad nails. We will write a custom essay sample on The false moon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The false moon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The false moon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some symbols also indicate that the mother has a problem with heavy drinking and are treated violently. This affects the relationship between the mother and Matt. He doesnt trust her, probably because of several years of disappointments and letdowns: Its probably bullwhip, with her you can never tell (line 12, page 1). Furthermore she is embarrassing, selfish and doesnt understand appropriate social behavior. It shows in the story when she hits on Mats best friend Mark, which results in Matt losing his friend who was his only safe haven. When Matt calls her a where she hits him with a bottle. She Is powerless, desperate and certainly not a good role model for Matt. Matt hides his problems, Just Like when his mother covers up her bruises. That Is why she Is unaware of her own sons difficulties, until she goes through his things one day. The signs of love or affection between the mother and the main character are very few. The main character takes care of his mother. He cleans up after her and makes tea. But she doesnt return the love and he notices it. For example when he helps her up from the floor and puts her to bed. He thinks, She doesnt reach for me (line 125, page 4). The sketch that Matt makes is a symbol of him wanting love from his mother. It shows the boys inner feelings of being trapped. The bottle is a hint at the mothers heavy drinking. He has a mother who doesnt pay attention to him and is busy looking for other men. The mall character wants and needs boundaries and he Is so desperate that he even tries to kid himself, l like to kid myself she would stop me If I didnt sneak out of the house (line 6, page 1). In the streets he finds a new safe place. The nightly ritual where he draws the lines and numbers and the girl fills in gaps he can actually count on. As he says: l didnt trust words. But lines were reliable. (lines 42-44, page 2). The lines are a symbol of the stability and the boundaries Matt is longing for. You can say that the girl isnt Just filling in the gaps in Mats drawings, but also the gaps inside of him. As the title of the short story, the nightly ritual becomes his false moon, like insects flocking around street lamps because they think it is the moon. Suddenly Matt has found something to navigate after and rely on. At the end he decides to end the disappointing life he has with his mother. From now on he will find the way on his own. He realizes that even though the guide may be wrong (the moon is false), it is better than no guide at all. The main theme in the short story The False Moon is about growing up, and finding your own guidelines in your life. In the darkest night, Matt finds his light. It gives him the courage to break free from his mother and find his own way. Shirley Golden is trying to tell us, that it is important to have guidelines and role models in your life especially as a child. It is the parents responsibility to give the child these guidelines, or else the child detaches itself from the family and is forced to grow up faster.

Alcoholism Essays - Alcohol Abuse, Twelve-step Programs, Free Essays

Alcoholism Essays - Alcohol Abuse, Twelve-step Programs, Free Essays Alcoholism Alcoholism is a disease of epidemic proportions, affecting 9.3 to 10 million Americans, and many professionals believe the figures are closer to 20 million (Weddle and Wishon). Alcoholism is a "physiological or physiological dependence on alcohol characterized by the alcoholic?s inability to control the start or termination of his drinking"(Encyclopedia Britannica 210). It consists of frequent and recurring consumption of alcohol to an extent that causes continued harm to the drinker and leads to medical and social problems. Alcoholism, however, does not merely cause harm to the alcoholic, but to the entire family as well, affecting an estimated 28 million children in this country (Weddle and Wishon). These children grow up in the unhealthy and abnormal family systems harmed by alcoholism, carrying the negative effects of this environment with them into adulthood. Consequently, adult children of alcoholics are the innocent victims of a disease which has shaped thei! r personalities and behavior as children and will, if not treated, promote their personal disintegration as adults. Most alcoholics don?t fit the stereotype of the lying in the gutter drunk. Alcoholics are likely to be persons of intense, if sometimes brief, enthusiasms. They often try to do too much too fast. They tend to demand perfection in themselves and in others. Frustrated, they may become painfully depressed or overly aggressive. There is a lack of inner stability with which to face life?s problems in a realistic manner (AL-Anon). As the disease of alcoholism sets in, the family is forced to make an unspoken decision?to leave the alcoholic or to stay and adapt to his illness. Because they do not want to disrupt their own lives or leave a love one, they deny the problem and try to adapt to the pressures and problems that alcoholism brings. Typically, as alcoholism takes over, the alcoholic becomes increasingly preoccupied with drinking. This can lead to spending less time at home, and neglecting their responsibility to the family. The following are symptoms of alcoholism (Alateen 5): Loss of control. The loss of control is usually progressive. At first the alcoholic can control his drinking most of the time. But he sometimes gets drunk when he doesn?t wants to. Eventually, he loses control more and more. Progression. The alcoholic may not drink more, but he gets drunk more often. He becomes less dependable. He becomes more and more obsessed with drinking and less and less concerned about his responsibilities. Withdrawal symptoms. When the alcoholic stops drinking he may suffer nausea and vomiting, headaches and the "shakes." He is usually is very irritable. He may even hallucinate. This is known as the DT?s (delirium tremens). Personality change. The alcoholic seems to have a Jekyll and Hyde personality. When he drinks, he is very different from the way he is when he is not drinking. Blackouts. These are a form of amnesia. The alcoholic really does not remember what has happened. Blackouts can even occur when the alcoholic isn?t drunk, lasting a few minutes or entire days. At first, we may think alcoholism is called a family disease because it seems to run in families. Most Al-Anon members are spouses of alcoholics. But they are often the children of alcoholics as well. They may have brothers or sisters who have the disease or are married to alcoholics. Doctors have observed that there are often more than one alcoholic in a family; for this reason they have said that there is a family tendency to develop alcoholism, just as there is a family tendency to develop diabetes ( Alateen 6). According to a recent study, if you are raised in an alcoholic home you have one chance in four of growing up to marry an alcoholic (Porterfield 120). The reasons are simple. Children of alcoholics learned to tolerate behavior that other people consider abnormal or bizarre; they have memorized how to live with an alcoholic. Most kids of alcoholic parents do drink, even if just socially. According to Coping with an Alcoholic Parent: Ninety-three percent of high school seniors have tried alcohol. Seventy percent use it once a month. One out every five high school seniors drinks daily. Some researchers think that as many as one third of the teenagers can

Definition and Examples of the Present Progressive Tense

Definition and Examples of the Present Progressive Tense In  English grammar,  the present progressive is a  verb  construction (made up of a present form of the verb  to be  plus a  present participle) that usually conveys a sense of ongoing action at the present time. This construction is also known as the durative aspect. The present progressive is used to describe activity that is in progress right nows of the present progressive can also be found in cases where a speaker is referring to things that are planned for the future, e.g., I am reading at the event tomorrow. There are many reasons to use the present progressive tense, such as: To refer to events that are in progress at the time of speaking or writingTo refer to things that are taking place or that are true around the moment of speaking or writingTo describe actions that are repeated or regular but are either temporary or may be judged to be temporaryTo describe regular actions in relation to a particular time or a specified event, especially when those events interrupt something already in progressTo refer to gradual processes of changeWith adverbs of indefinite frequency (such as  always, constantly, continually, forever) to describe events that are regular but unplanned and often undesired (Adapted from R. Carter and M. McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006) The Present Progressive Is Not Passive Voice Students of English are frequently taught to improve their prose by removing passive language, i.e., sentences where the object of an action appears as the main subject (The pins were knocked over by the bowling ball). Passive language introduces be verbs (were  knocked over) that would not appear if the original sentence had been written actively (The bowling ball knocked over the pins). For this reason, some students learn to become wary of be verbs, thinking they are indicators of passive language. This is not always the case. The present progressive tense- a construction that always includes a be verb- should not be confused with passive voice. Present Progressive Examples The best way to get a sense of how the present progressive is used is to look at examples that appear in books, movies, and common speech. Take the following example, from Amy Reeds 2009 novel Beautiful: I am looking at my piece of pizza. I am watching pepperoni glisten. It is my third day at the new school and I am sitting at a table next to the bathrooms. I am eating lunch with the blond girls with the pink sweaters, the girls who talk incessantly about Harvard even though were only in the seventh grade. Here the present progressive is used to describe a series of actions (looking, sitting, eating) that are all occurring in the same present moment. The use of this tense not only unites these actions but also provides a sense of immediacy, grounding the reader in the present. The present progressive can also be used to describe actions that are habitual or regular or true across time: People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. This quote, from George Bernard Shaw, uses the present progressive to show that blame is always being assigned, from generation to generation, a symptom of human nature that will never change. Finally, the present progressive can also be used to refer to planned actions. In her novel Notting Hell, Rachel Johnson describes a host telling her guests whats for dinner: Anyway, tonight, we  are having  a perfectly balanced supper of fish fingers (essential fatty fish oils), baked beans (lovely roughage) and oven chips (bursting with potato goodness). Present Progressive vs. Simple Present The present progressive tense can be confusing, especially for English learners whose native language does not use this tense. In The Business Writers Handbook, Gerald J. Alred provides the following example: I am searching for an error in the document.[The search is occurring now and may continue.] In contrast, the simple present tense more often relates to habitual actions: I search for errors in my documents.[I regularly search for errors, but I am not necessarily searching now.]   Alred gives another example to provide a further distinction: I live in London.I am living in London. The sense of the first sentence  is that this is a relatively permanent state of affairs- there is no suggestion that the speaker is intending to leave any time soon. In the second sentence, however, the sense is that the situation is temporary; London is where the speaker happens to live at the moment, but this situation could change in the future.

Show how language use reflects social identity and discuss any Essay

Show how language use reflects social identity and discuss any implications you can draw for second language teaching - Essay Example As the world becomes more global through communication and immigration, teaching a second language begins to have a greater impact on our society. Language not only expresses thoughts and ideas, it creates a representation of the speaker to their audience. As an example, respect is an aspect of that can be gained through speech and illustrates the broader relationship between power and language. Power is the degree to which one agent is able to control the behavior of the other. Physical strength, age, wealth, sex, or profession, are all unspoken ways to convey power. However, the introduction of a second language creates another center of power. That center derives its power from sociolinguistic solidarity. Using non-solidary forms express distance and formality, while solidary forms express intimacy and familiarity. Solidarity can be achieved in cooperation where communicators share some common attribute, such as attending at the same school or working in the same profession. However, to be a successful communicator in a linguistically diverse environment, it is necessary to know the languages, their nuances, and develop an appreciation for the power derived from language solidarity. A member in a community may have several groups with which he wishes to identify and associate with. The identity that the person creates for each group will be associated with their verbal communications, and there are certain linguistic forms that will construct each identity. People create their linguistic systems to resemble those of the in-group with which they wish to identify. A person participates in many different speech communities that vary according to time, place, audience, and participants. In a speech community, each individual has a range of social identities that creates different roles for all of the different subgroups within the community. The range of linguistic varieties expressed by these relationships is called the communicative repertoire. This repertoire, whether oral or written, can include different languages, dialects, or registers. Language serves as a symbol of association on several levels. On the national level, language attachment can serve an impor tant political function. On a local level, language is a symbol of attachment to a community. Within a social setting, language can be an in-group virtue. Foreign languages are a part of our communicative repertoire. When a person learns a second language, they become a member of a new cultural group within a social structure. They not only learn the appropriate linguistic forms, but it also extends their social identity to include other speakers of the new language. For the community as a whole, socialization through language learning creates conformity to social norms and relates the culture of the community. Teaching a second language encompasses more than just conveying the mechanics and the linguistics. It is an opportunity to construct an identity as a social being. In teaching a second language, it becomes vital to present the context, slang, and cultural attitudes that may be a part of the language. A second language is more than just a means of communication. It identifies the learner as a member of a unique cultural group, establishes their

Management Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management Strategy - Assignment Example Lynch (2003) asserts that resource based strategy of the firm uses unique knowledge base that is creatively applied on all tangible and intangible assets to above average return. Thus, various business processes, innovative products and services, human capital etc. become strong elements of RBC. Apple, Huawei, GM, Wal-Mart etc. are exemplary examples that have been able to maintain their market position through innovative products and services across the globe. Apple and Huawei have creatively evolved new features and techniques in mobile devices to suit the changing requirements of the new generation. The technology driven resource based strategy that exploits the information to give distinct differentiation to its products and gain leverage. GM has innovated green technologies to make its cars environment friendly. Wal-Mart, on other hand, has judiciously used I/O framework to enhance efficiency of its business processes. The information vis-Ã  -vis customers’ changing preferences are used both in new product develop and value addition as well as in logistics to give quality services to its customers and maintain its niche market

Boys Girls Clubs Of America

Boys Girls Clubs Of America Socialization is generally thought of as being an essential part of human development in that its importance is often times disregarded. However, understanding socialization can be a complicated and enduring process. Sociologists use the term socialization to refer to the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture (Macionis, 2011, 68). Humans need social experience to acquire the skills needed to learn their culture and for survival. Social experience is also the basis of personality, a persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling. We build a personality by internalizing taking in our surroundings (Macionis, 2011, 68). When an individual is lacking social experience, personality seldom develops. People usually rely on others for assistance when their children are growing physically and emotionally but most importantly as their personality is developing. Many theorists have focused on childhood as being the most c ritical time when personality is formed; however, Erik H. Eriksons eight stages of development have set apart that focus and places emphasis on socialization throughout the life course as being the most influential (Macionis, 2011). Erikson centralized that challenges are faced throughout the life course fluctuating from infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, preadolescence, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood to old age even though not everyone faces these challenges in the exact order (Macionis, 2011). In summary, Eriksons stages of development model calls attention to how several factors, including the family, school and peer groups, shape our personalities. Since socialization is a learning process that begins after birth and is learned throughout an individuals life span, a common question is how can people be socialized? Looking around the world, we see that different cultures used different techniques to socialize their children both formal and informally through school and peer groups. As we age, we enter new statuses and need to learn the appropriate roles for them. Across America, there are many national organizations that have been organized to provide programs for young people that help with maintaining socialization skills that have been embedded amongst our youth. The Boys Girls Clubs of America is a national organization of local chapters which provide after-school programs for young people (http://www.bgca.org). The first Boys Club was founded in Hartford, Connecticut in 1860 after a group of women noticed how young boys from needy families would hang out on the streets after school because they didnt have anywhere else to go. The club was created to provide them with a safe place to play. By 1906, there were fifty-three independent Boys Clubs that came together in Boston for form a national organization known as the Federated Boys Clubs. After many years, the organization renamed itself Boys Clubs of America and in 1990 renamed itself to Boys Girls Clubs of America. There are currently over 4,000 autonomous local Clubs, which are affiliates of the national organization and serve over four million boys and girls. Clubs can be found in all fifty states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and on US Military Bases. In 2010, member percentages included: 65% are from minority families, 5% are 5 years old and under, 43% are 6-10 years old, 19% are 11-12 years old, 21% are 13-15 years old, 12% are 16-18 years old, 55% are male and 45% are female (http://www.bgca.org). The Boys Girls Clubs are a safe place to learn and grow. It is the place where great futures are started each and every day (http://www.bgca.org). The goals set forth by the Boys Girls Clubs of America basically includes their mission statement which reads to enable all young people, especially those who need us most, to reach their full potential as productive, caring, responsible citizens (http://www.bgca.org). The organization gives young people a safe and supervised environment, an especially important task as more and more families have needed to work multiple jobs and cannot be home for their children. They also encourage kids to get involved in activities, learn team skills, and associate with people they might not meet at school or in their neighborhood. Many clubs offer an after school program as well as an extended summer program, giving kids a real opportunity to make friends and be involved in the programs and services offered at the clubs (http://www.wisegeek.com). The ir core beliefs are for The Boys Girls Club to aspire to provide all young people with a safe place to learn and grow, and establish ongoing relationships with caring, adult professionals by providing them with life enhancing programs and character development experiences (http://www.bgca.org). There are many strategies that have been implemented by The Boys Girls Clubs of America each help youth in distinctive ways. The Education Career Programs which help youth create aspirations for the future, providing opportunities for career exploration and educational enhancement. The Character Leadership Programs which help youth become responsible, caring citizens and acquire skills for participating in the democratic process. The Health Life Skills Programs in which those initiatives develop young peoples capacity to engage in positive behaviors that nurture their own well-being, set personal goals and live successfully as self-sufficient adults. The Arts Programs which are programs in this core area that enable youth to develop their creativity and cultural awareness through knowledge and appreciation of the visual arts, crafts, performing arts and creative writing. The Sports, Fitness and Recreation Programs which help develop fitness, a positive use of leisure time, reduct ion of stress, appreciation for the environment and social and interpersonal skills. The Specialized Programs in which these initiatives focus on meeting the significant and specific needs identified within the Boys Girls Clubs. This broad scope complements several or all of their core program areas within the organization. According to Kidzworld, the Boys Girls Clubs are community based and building centered. Since 3:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. is the time of day when children are usually unsupervised, The Boys Girls Clubs run their programs after school, and on weeknights and weekends (http://www.kidzworld.com). The Clubs provide a safe and affordable place for these programs to run; all the while, clubs do charge a monthly or seasonal fee and some assistance may be available to families in need (Ellis, 2003-2012). The Clubs are led by trained, paid youth-development professionals. Signing your child or young friend up for the club can make a positive impact in every area of their life. The Boys Girls Clubs of America provide young people with a safe learning environment and opportunities to build new skills that raise each childs belief that he or she can succeed and receive recognition for personal accomplishments. They also assist in building ongoing relationships with caring adults and connections to new friends in a positive environment, reinforcing a sense of belonging, personal accountability, civility and civic responsibility. Finally, they offer generation-changing programs that support a commitment to learning, positive values, healthy habits and high expectations for success as an adult. Many people credit The Boys Girls Clubs with changing their childrens direction in life or teaching them vital skills. The Chronicle of Philanthropy ranked Boys Girls Clubs of America number one among youth organizations for the 13th consecutive year, and number 12 among all nonprofit organizations (http://www.bgca.org).

Intangible and Tangible Assets

The value of intangible assets can be much more variable than tangible assets. This variability increases the likelihood of a discrepancy between book and market values. Learn about how investors deal with the differences between the book and market values of tangible and intangible assets. Tangible vs. Intangible Assets Financial statements are historical documents that show what a company was worth at one point in time. Because of standard accounting practices, an asset must be recorded at the value for which it was purchased.Changes in markets, currency, and economic conditions all contribute to discrepancies between book and market values. The longer an asset is held by a company, the greater the chance that discrepancies exist. One factor that affects the market value of an asset is intangibility. An intangible asset is one that does not have a physical form but provides value to the firm nevertheless. Examples of intangible assets include contracts and patents, i. e. assets tha t cost money to acquire but do not have easily-accessible markets through which to buy and sell them.Unlike tangible assets like machinery and automobiles, the lack of secondary markets increases the risk that the intangible asset can not be liquidated at a reasonable price. Assets that are not very liquid, such as plants and proprietary equipment, have secondary markets in which used assets can be sold. These assets typically suffer from low liquidity because there are costs, sometimes high costs, associated with their disposal in secondary markets. Liquidity is based on the ability to sell an item for cash if the need or desire arises.Definition of intangibles www. iprplaza. com Definitions of intangible assets from various perspectives Ads by Google An Example of the Value of an Intangible Asset Suppose a company purchases a patent from another company and for many years enjoys the right to build a product without any competition based on the design specified in the patent. Over time, the value of the patent diminishes because of changes in markets, technology, and processes. The cost of the patent as an intangible asset remains on the books at the cost that was paid for the patent.Throughout the life of the patent, this intangible asset became more valuable because it blocked competitors from developing the same product. However, near the end of the patent’s useful life, its market value falls to nearly zero. Throughout this rise and fall of the patent’s market value, its book value remained unchanged. See the complete Bright Hub Guide to Balance Sheet Basics  » Unlike automobiles which are depreciated using a regular schedule to estimate the asset’s worth, there is no real way to determine the actual worth of an intangible asset that companies investing in tangible assets enjoy.The variability and uncertainty as to whether a company can make valuable use of an intangible asset is what gives rise to discrepancies and the inability to determine the difference between their book and market values. Investors who ignore the value of intangible assets are removing from the valuation process important pieces of information that directly contribute to a company’s value. Unfortunately, valuing intangible assets is not an exact science.One of the best methods of valuing such as asset is to analyze what the company would look like if the asset were not owned by the company and the incremental increase in value by owning it is a reasonable estimate. However, this assumes that the company is using the intangible asset to its maximum potential. Other managers may have been able to exploit it for much more value. Identification o Tangible benefits are quantifiable: A precise amount can be placed on the benefit as a way to weigh its value. This value is almost always fiduciary.The value of the benefit depends on a person’s skill set. For instance, doctors get higher tangible benefits than a fast-food worker. On the other hand, intangible benefits are much harder to measure because of their subjectivity. Intangible benefits derive from how a person feels about their work. Job satisfaction is a main bench marker of an intangible benefit. 3 Tangible: Financial Pay and Benefits o Tangible benefits are those listed by the company in a quantifiable form. Such benefits are usually contractual in nature: Days off, insurance costs, salary and profit sharing are a few.Performing calculations and comparing these benefits with another business tend to be straight forward. When people first start looking for a job, they usually have a better idea of these tangible benefits than they do of the work’s intangible benefits. Steve Pogorzelski, author of the book, â€Å"Finding Keepers: The Monster Guide to Hiring and Holding the World’s Best Employees† also advises for corporations to tout tangible benefits such as gym partnerships to attract quality candidates. o Sponsored Links ? Trad emark Registration Efficient trademark registration services worldwide. www. egistertrademarks. net 4 Intangible: Job Satisfaction o Intangible benefits include all of the qualitative advantages of working for an organization. For instance, friendly coworkers, flexibility and a position that matches the worker’s skill set are intangible benefits. Johanna Schlegel, editor-in-chief of Salary. com advises workers to assess how they feel about the work they performed at the end of the day. Measuring the degree of commitment and agreement with corporate culture are additional ways Schlegel recommends gauging the intangible benefits derived from the job. 5 Considerations Some workers value tangible benefits over intangible benefits and vice versa. Decisions regarding employment typically depend on a worker’s situation. A father who wishes to stay at home with his children and telecommute places a premium on intangible benefits and may be willing to forego a higher salary. An other distinction of these two benefits is that intangible benefits may increase or decrease over time, whereas tangible benefits of a job tend not to fluctuate as much. If a worker tires of performing the same task repeatedly and sees no sign of advancement, her intangible benefits decrease.A business owner or manager incurs costs with nearly every decision. Tangible costs are calculated up front. They are the expected and quantifiable costs of running a business. Tangible costs typically include things a business can buy directly for specific costs, such as labor, materials and space. Other costs, called intangible costs, are harder to measure, but are nonetheless real and could be crucial to a business's success or failure. Such things as lost productivity, a drop in employee morale or a loss of goodwill in the community might count as intangible costs. Sponsored LinkDefinition of intangibles Definitions of intangible assets from various perspectives www. iprplaza. com Tangible C osts Tangible costs include the types of things a business writes checks for: salaries and wages, leases, operational inputs, employee medical benefits, transportation and commercial insurance. These costs have a clear place in the general ledger. The company cannot conduct business or produce a quality product without spending on tangible costs. They are also easy to quantify, so management tends to focus on the manipulation of tangible costs. Sources of Tangible CostsTangible costs consume much of a typical business's accounting efforts. The sources of tangible costs are documented with receipts, contracts or policies. The accounting department assigns tangible costs to specific cost categories, such as the cost of goods sold or overhead costs. Some tangible costs produce obvious benefits, such as the production of the company's product. Others, such as safety training or environmental controls, may produce benefits that are less easily measured, but the costs themselves are concr ete in the sense that they come straight out of the company's bottom line. Addressing Tangible CostsCompanies manage tangible costs by negotiating contracts for services and by getting multiple quotes for inputs and supplies. The purchasing department compares costs of buying or leasing equipment. A large corporation with multiple sites can transfer some pieces of equipment from one site to another. This prevents redundant spending on equipment such as scissor lifts or pressure washers that are only used occasionally. Some companies offer a bonus to department managers who reduce their department's spending. Companies may entice employees to cut costs by offering incentives and recognition to employees who have money-saving ideas.Intangible Costs Intangible costs are less easily measured. Some key and common intangible costs might include a drop in employee morale, dissatisfaction with working conditions or customer disappointment with a decline in service or product quality. Intang ible costs result from an identifiable source, but the costs are often not predicted. They may occur after a new practice or policy is put into effect, such as a cut in staffing levels or in employee benefits. Managers can try to estimate intangible costs as soon as they see a pattern of loss.This estimate will be the basis of a decision to either change or continue a practice that frustrates employees or customers. If a new procedure has injured an employee, the company may need to act quickly to avoid government fines and inspections. Sources of Intangible Costs Intangible costs are not always foreseen. For example, when corporate management puts a new program or policy into place that is not appropriate for a given location, unintended intangible costs may ensue because what works well at a work site in one part of the country may clash with the employee work culture at another location.For example, managed labor systems, which measure productivity automatically and chart it acco rding to a preset standard, may improve productivity at one facility but harm performance at another. A site where the employees take extended lunches and unauthorized breaks could benefit from this type of automated monitoring. The new system could actually improve the morale among conscientious employees who resent their co-workers' lack of effort. The same managed labor system could be a disaster at a site where employees work as a team and already watch their departments' speed and productivity.Workers may become anxious and confused over the new system and how it will affect their pay raises or continued employment. They may refuse to assist their co-workers, afraid that being off task will hurt their own productivity numbers. Addressing Intangible Costs After intangible costs are incurred, management must decide how to address the costs. In general, the company will either decide to absorb the cost or act to eliminate its source. This decision will be based on the best estimat e of the intangible cost management can come up with.The cost of training new employees after long-time employees have left for other opportunities is one variable used to estimate intangible costs. If a company decides to continue an unpopular policy, it may invite employees to informational meetings to reduce employee confusion and discontent. A change that has lowered the quality of customer service may require a public relations outreach to keep customer goodwill, or it may require the company to come up with some other customer benefit to replace what was lost. Sursa: http://smallbusiness. chron. com/tangible-costs-intangible-costs-51412. html Making Intangible Assets  TangiblePosted on December 24, 2011 by swaltersky In 2008, Paul D’Antilio, CEO of Future Point Systems  called to see if I would be interested in   consulting with his company about visual analytics. He had recently become the CEO and knew that we’d been successful commercializing a visual ana lytics product in Attenex Patterns (acquired by FTI Consulting). As it turned out when he called I was in Palo Alto, helping my daughter Elizabeth move to Stanford University to start her post doctoral research in cognitive psychology. We agreed to meet on a hot Bay Area Saturday morning at the Future Point offices in San Mateo, CA.As our discussion ensued it turns out he’d had a very successful career in software product development and was part of the development team at State Street Bank that had developed the mortgage backed securities and received one of the first software patents. As I presented the Attenex Patterns story and did a brief demo and shared how we’d used the tool in electronic discovery and patent analytics, Paul suddenly stood up and said â€Å"this is really interesting. When we did the mortgage backed securities at State Street Bank we were essentially taking a tangible asset and making it intangible and then trading it.What you are talking about is taking intangible assets like patents and making them tangible enough so that they can be traded. It’s the mirror image of what I’ve spent my career working on. † I stared at Paul for a moment as the thought of making intangible things tangible rolled around in my brain. I jumped up and exclaimed â€Å"You have the other half of the knowledge I didn’t know I’d been looking for the last ten years. You understand the valuing transforms back and forth between tangible and intangible assets. † We both knew in that moment that we’d discovered something important, but we didn’t know what to do with it.Paul realized that while it was a potentially big idea he had more urgent topics to deal with. So I agreed to consult with him at Future Point and see what we could do with the PNNL Starlight technology. After a few months we realized that there was not enough capital at Future Point to generate new product lines so we parted ways. H owever, the notion of making the intangible tangible enough to be identified, valued, monetized and traded is ever present in my thoughts. Over the last two hundred years, great wealth resulted from the systematic identification and monetization of new asset classes.The financial services industry has profited from taking tangible assets like mortgages and turning them into intangible assets that can be traded. In the music industry, David Bowie was the first artist to bundle together his future â€Å"hits† into a monetizable asset. In the wine industry, Joe Ciatti put together a REIT to invest in winemaking properties that raised a large fund, but ultimately failed at the execution level. In a different arena, Intellectual Ventures had raised billions of dollars to monetize patents rather than go through the long process of litigation.At the micro level, fine wineries are having difficulty monetizing their customer assets due to the difficulty of marketing their authentic di fferences and their lack of better business models and processes. Inventors face the same difficulties of matching their inventions to customers (enterprises or consumers) who could monetize their ideas. In the electronic discovery market, no lawyers, developers or suppliers view the problem as identifying the few â€Å"assets† in the millions of documents that will prove or disprove their case.Yet, each large scale complex matter is an exercise in systematically identifying the key document assets and then â€Å"monetizing† them by winning the case. The central observations about large scale customer problems are: †¢ The difficulty of recognizing a new asset class soon enough to create a market for it †¢ The focus of asset developers are to create an asset rather than on how that asset can be marketed and sold †¢ Few industries create â€Å"brokers† to trade bundles of assets until the industry matures.The experiences of using clustering and clas sifying mathematics in problems as diverse as mortgage backed securities, legal electronic discovery, patent brokering and licensing, and creating customers for life with biodynamic wineries suggests that there is a common solution to a diverse range of market problems that asset class monetization technology proposes to solve. The following diagram captures my current thinking on Asset Class Monetization. [pic] Asset Class IdentificationAt the core of the model is identifying new asset classes that are not yet recognized as being tradable and for which no â€Å"market† exists and no transparent information about the market exists. Clues to these asset classes are the difficulty in selling the asset or placing a value on the asset. Broad examples of difficult asset classes to value and sell are:   patents, enterprise software from new startups, and the selling of a startup for an exit opportunity. An example is the valuation and selling rocess for a biodynamic winery. Recen tly, a Southern Oregon Winery went through an assessment process to value their holdings after four years as a precursor to taking investment for expansion or sale. They required four different types of assessors (property, equipment valuation, agricultural value assessment, and quality and volume of the wine inventory) and financial experts. This assessment was time consuming (six months from start to finish), expensive, and not very accurate.The above assessment is further complicated by trying to assess the value add (or lack thereof) of the certified biodynamic component of the property. Is this a short term cachet or with the advent of a growing appreciation for authentic fine wine growing that represents the specificity of the place (terroir) and the accompanying slow food movement is this a long term trend? While a little more advanced in its evolution, the patent market appears to be moving from a very difficult arena to monetize using litigation or the very expensive sale p rocess of licensing to the attempt to create a market.Intellectual Ventures and Ocean Tomo are at the forefront of trying to create a market, but their efforts have been primarily aimed at acquiring patent assets or creating an auction for those assets. Little effort is spent at understanding how to value the assets and create a transparent information structure around those assets (like a Morningstar for patents). As a result, Intellectual Ventures is having a far harder time in licensing their patents than in acquiring them. Classification, Clustering, Segmentation and MatchingOnce an asset class is identified, sense must be made of the collection of assets. In most cases with complex assets, this process is expensive and highly dependent on experts. With the large scale adoption of the Internet, this process is now becoming routine, mathematical, automatic and highly scalable. Google Adwords and Adsense are great examples of both the power of the mathematics and on the ability to monetize the mathematics. Wired Magazine had an excellent article on â€Å"Googlenomics† showing how Google monetizes content through massive mathematics. [pic]Recent book length treatments of the processes, techniques and tools for classification, clustering, segmentation and matching are: †¢ Malcolm Gladwell, Tipping Point †¢ Winslow Farrell, How Hits Happen:   Forecasting Predictability in a Chaotic Marketplace †¢ Steven Levitt, Freakonomics:   A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything †¢ John Battelle, Search:   How Google and Its Rivals Rwearote the Rules of Business and Transformed our Culture †¢ Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers:   Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart †¢ Stephen Baker,   The Numerati Bill Tancer, Click:   What Millions of People are Doing Online and Why it Matters †¢ Jeff Hawkins, On Intelligence o Numenta is creating a new type of computing technology modeled on the structure and op eration of the neocortex. The technology is called Hierarchical Temporal Memory, or HTM, and is applicable to a broad class of problems from machine vision, to fraud detection, to semantic analysis of text. HTM is based on a theory of neocortex first described in the book On Intelligence by Numenta co-founder Jeff Hawkins, and subsequently turned into a mathematical form by Numenta co-founder Dileep George. HTM technology has the potential to solve many difficult problems in machine learning, inference, and prediction. Some of the application areas Numenta is exploring with their customers include recognizing objects in images, recognizing behaviors in videos, identifying the gender of a speaker, predicting traffic patterns, doing optical character recognition on messy text, evaluating medical images, and predicting click through patterns on the web. The world is becoming awash with data of all types, whether numeric, video, text, images or audio, making it challenging for humans to sort through it and find what’s important.HTM technology offers the promise of making sense of all that data. o Thomas Redman, Data Driven:   Profiting from Your Most Important Business Asset Redman describes the power of being data driven: â€Å"I find looking at an organization through the data and information lens to be extremely powerful. To do so, one examines the movement and management of data and information as they wind their way across the organization. The lens reveals who touches them, how people and processes use them to add value, how they change, the politics surrounding seemingly mundane issues uch as data sharing, how the data come to be fouled up, what happens when they are wrong and so forth. † â€Å"Data and information are most valuable when they are flying from place to place. † Ayres described how he used Google’s Adwords to come up with the book title Super Crunchers. For a fee of $100 in Adwords he saved himself the $50,000 of consulting fees to name the book: [pic] Connections The value of an asset grows as there are more connections to that asset.Whether we are talking about a product with a high sales volume, or a webpage on the Internet (Google Page Rank algorithm), the number of connections to an asset grows the value of that asset exponentially (see Metcalfe’s Law  as described in  Unleashing the Killer App:   Digital Strategies for Market Dominance by Larry Downes and Chunka Mui). 1. Introduction: In present scenario, despite the global change, Human Resource Accounting is major issue for research & analysis in management. Human resource has always been taken as a ‘soft & light issue’ whose contribution generally can not be measured in monetary terms.There is no role of recording investments, benefits rendered by employees, valuation & accounting of human resource in conventional financial accounting. human resources is not considered in the different balance sheet models, and only in the profit and loss statement    human resource costs / expenditure are taken in account, such as salaries and staff welfare expenses (including pensions). The number of employees classified in categories is mentioned only in the explanatory report, the same as the board of directors' payment.Recent literature has focused on a broader measurement, namely that of â€Å"intellectual capital. † Despite those who consider intellectual capital a new approach, it is really an extension of HR accounting since without the underlying concept of HR investment there can be no intellectual capital development. As human resource is being taken as intellectual asset of the organization and worth three or four times the tangible book value. Human capital also provides expert services such as consulting, financial planning nd assurance services, which are valuable, and very much in demand. As it is the combination of HR & Accounting, joint efforts of behavioral scientists, acc ountants and managements are needed for the working and development of HRA. Figure 1. 1 [pic] There are two reasons for including human resources in accounting [Ripoll and Labatut, 1994]. First, people are a valuable resource to a firm so long as they perform services that can be quantified. Second, the value of a person as a resource depends on how he is employed. So management†¦ [continues]